Work

“Work” is a value-laden term that has changed drastically over time, particularly in relation to women’s daily lives. Despite a legacy of opinions to the contrary, WWHP views women’s work as inherently valuable, whether taking place in the formal structure of paid employment or the private realm of home and family. We seek to understand each woman’s work on her own terms in her own words.

Carrie Johnson

Business Owner, Author, Professor

It helped me realize that…it helped me feel like I was worth something. You know, I had 65 people depending upon me for their paychecks, and making the decisions that I had to make to grow Sparkle Cleaning and keep that growing, really instilled something in me and helped me grow as a person. So I wrote a book about my experience and it’s called From the Pits to the Palace. It’s not really a rags to riches story, it is more personal growth.

Carrie Johnson grew up in Natick and Framingham. Her father worked in a hat factory and her mother cleaned houses. She married after graduating high school but moved to California after divorce. She went to college and became a public relations person for a community gangs program. In the interview she discusses her involvement with drugs, her sons, her job as a one of the first African-American reporters for the Metro West Daily News,  then being hired by the Worcester Telegram and Gazette, and her cleaning company.

Interview Date: 
Fri, 03/25/2011
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May White

Descendent of Clara Barton; 103 years old

Well, I just graduated from [Oxford] high school and I went to business school in Worcester. And, then I worked at State Mutual. Then I got married. And at that time, you couldn’t work when you were married. Of course I went right through the Depression ………… to go to the bank one day and the next [day] a man would be sitting on the street selling apples.  This business that’s going on now [in Washington] bothers me.  Boy, I went through that and it was awful.  And, so that’s what happened there.  So I got a job.  I went to work.  First thing I did was buy a car. 

May O. White was born July 8, 1908 in Oxford, Massachusetts. She is a descendant of  the Pilgrims who came from England on the Mayflower and settled initially in Salem, MA, and later to establish Oxford. She is proud of her family history and historical value of the houses they built in the 19th century. Being a member of the Historical Commission in Oxford, she is helping to establish a Historic District, which designation would preserve these homes. May and her family worked in Worcester, taking advantage of the railroad connection.

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Interview Date: 
Thu, 07/28/2011
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Ann Witkes

Hairdresser, Born in 1914

In those days, the woman didn’t have a charge account in their name. But I got it, I got it. They say, “Well, it’s a woman --give me your husband’s name,” and I said, “No I’m not going to give you my husband’s name. The business is mine; the business hairdressing is not my husband’s, it’s mine. I’m the boss so why I can’t have it?” Well, they think about it and I got it. And when I tell my friends, “I got a charge account,” they asked, “How did you do it?” And I said “I just tell them-- it’s not my husband’s, it’s mine. I work, I built it, and why can’t I have a charge account?” My husband said, “You have a charge account?!!” [exclaims] And I said, “Big deal, I said, I’ll pay for it from my own money.”

Ann R. Witkes was born in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1914 and attended Ash St. Elementary School and Commerce High School in Worcester. Ann spent all her life in Worcester, except for the last 20 years in Florida. She returned to Worcester as a widow, to the Eisenberg Assisted Living Residence a few years ago, to be close to her family. Ann worked as a hairdresser until she retired. She began at her father’s barber shop in Worcester.

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Interview Date: 
Mon, 07/11/2011
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Laura Caswell

Computer Programmer

One of the things I've always known about myself is that I did want to grow up and be a mommy. I had a tough time when the kids left ‘cause I was like, “The only job wanted is gone.” [laughs]  Everything for me was go to college, get married, have kids and everything else was secondary for me though I—that’s what I always wanted to do is raise a family so I’ve been lucky that I’ve been able to do it. I know a lot of women who have to take work in jobs they don’t want to do in order to put food on the table. I mean it’s one thing if you’ve got a job that you enjoy or that you want to do, but just to work to make ends meet is tough.

Laura Caswell was born in White Plains, New York in 1961 to a Roman Catholic family of Irish and Italian descent. Upon finishing her first year of college at Rutgers University, she learned she was pregnant and made the decision to abandon her studies and marry her boyfriend at the age of 19. Laura and her husband had three sons. At the age of 37, Laura and her husband divorced and she began working as a computer programmer. She is currently employed at the Information Technology center at Worcester State University in Worcester, Massachusetts as a computer programmer.

Interview Date: 
Mon, 05/02/2011
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Catherine Rajwani

Lawyer

I think it’s important for women to realize the commonality that we all share so that we can support each other rather than judge.

Catherine Rajwani was born in Worcester in 1973.  She attended Notre Dame and Columbia University and then law school. She and her husband currently work as lawyers in her mother’s law firm. In this oral history she discusses her parents and siblings, living in different parts of the country, and her travels outside the country. She explains her view on the importance of work-life balance and also her volunteer work with the Salvation Army and in a soup kitchen.

Interview Date: 
Fri, 04/08/2011
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Mary Brunelle

College Librarian

I like being a librarian because I believe in the power of education and I don’t necessarily want to be a teacher in front of thirty students.  God bless people who do because we need good teachers, but that’s not for me so this is, this is a way to be involved in education and in Catholic education without actually being a teacher.  I really enjoy it.  I love working with the students and I’m very happy at my job and I think that that’s rare for people my age to actually say that.

Mary Brunelle was born in Franklin, Massachusetts in 1988. She moved to Worcester in 2000 to attend Assumption College and is currently still living in Worcester. Before moving to Worcester, she felt as though she was already familiar with the city since many of her family members, including her mom grew up in Worcester. In this interview, Mary discusses the strong impact of education. She originally attended Saint Joseph College in Connecticut, but later transferred to Assumption College as a junior.

Interview Date: 
Tue, 04/12/2011
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Kathleen O'Connor

Lawyer; Owns law firm

One of the places where I think women—or where I had challenges -- was the law profession is not equalized between men and women and that’s also one of the reasons why I’m in my own business.  Men still dominate the legal profession within larger firms in particular.  I would say they, as a whole, make a lot more money, they have wives—they have wives to do their housekeeping, take care of their children and so forth so it’s very different working in an environment where you’re expected to work 70 hours a week.  When it’s the mother who has the children to go home to, it’s very different.  It’s what the expectations are, and especially if you’re a new lawyer, you’re expected to just be there as long as necessary, sometimes 11 o’clock at night.  If the client’s needs demanded it, you just had to do the work: weekends, Sunday mornings, and so during the time that I was working at that rate, even though I was so-called part-time because I was only working 45 hours, I would go home, sometimes eight o’clock at night and I had not seen my children since seven o’clock that morning.  So you do feel that your—the balance is out of balance when that occurs.  It’s always a constant rebalancing act. 

Kathleen O’Connor was born in the Elm Park area of Worcester in 1950, and has lived in Worcester for most of her life. Kathleen discusses her life and memories of growing up in Worcester. She describes how the city has changed over her life, including the closing and opening of stores, facilities, etc., as well as the future plans for the city, what she thinks of it, and what she recommends for the city. Kathleen explains her experience in education, describes how the educational system has changed from what it was, and how it has become more friendly towards women.

Interview Date: 
Mon, 03/14/2011
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Audrey Silveri

Retired Director of the Nursing Program at Anna Maria College

Well, my mother was a teacher so I wanted to be a teacher and that was acceptable to my family. But when I was young I also thought I wanted to be a nurse, but I was just discouraged from doing that. Nursing is a very, very hard occupation and it’s a very dirty occupation. You deal with a lot of terrible stuff in nursing and so they discouraged me, so I went to become a teacher. But afterwards, after I had my children I just became very interested in being a nurse so I, I have the idea that things that you want to do in your childhood are really deep rooted and eventually you’ll do them, even if you don’t do them right away.

This interview focuses on the life of Audrey Silveri, a retired nurse and educator. Born in New York and raised in Massachusetts, Audrey has lived in the Northeast for her entire life. She attended the State University of New York, University of Virginia for graduate work, Assumption College for a BSN, Boston College for a MSN, and the University of Massachusetts/Amherst for her doctorate. Audrey met her husband while working at the Library of Congress and they were engaged after three months. They moved to Worcester in 1963 and raised three children.

Interview Date: 
Mon, 11/22/2010
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Jennifer Stanovich

Executive Director of Holden Area Chamber of Commerce

See that was the tough thing.  Here I had this job that I absolutely adored, but I couldn’t travel.  Had a baby, you know, and, and that was when, you know, women were trying to have it all, and it’s really hard, and I desperately wanted to keep my job, and I also – but I also wanted to stay home so Tom McAn said well let’s see if we can make this work, and you can just be a consultant.  So for a year I tried working, and then I, you know, juggling the two, and to be honest, I just couldn’t do it.  Because the travel – I couldn’t travel, and I really wanted to be home, and I felt like I was doing neither job as well as I wanted to.  So I left Tom McAn, and stayed home for 13 years, which, which turned out to be great, you know what I mean?  That was exactly what I needed to do, and it was fabulous, but it was a wonderful job and I hated to leave it.  So – and now the job that I’m in now is part-time, and when I went back to work that is the perfect way to juggle family, and, and work.

Jennifer Stanovich was born in Holden, Massachusetts in 1959. Wanting to stay close to home, she attended Assumption College where she graduated with a degree in psychology. Jennifer married in 1986 and is the mother of two children. Jennifer participated in a very beneficial internship with United Way of Central Massachusetts while in college, and after graduating worked in public relations and communications at Thom McAn Shoes, Data General, and then returned to Thom McAn. Currently she is Executive Director of Holden Area Chamber of Commerce.

Interview Date: 
Wed, 11/17/2010
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Zelda Schwartz

Psychotherapist; Retired Director of Family Therapy at Jewish Family Services

there was an intellectual challenge always to being able to deal with large families and put the pieces together to see what would be the intervention that would help them begin to think of things in a new way. In other words, therapy is a way to help people find a new road map, so that they walk out of the office feeling a little bit differently about their issues. So I like the noise, and I like the challenge, and I love being with all sorts of different people, and I liked hearing their voices and trying to rearrange the voices so that they could hear each other. And most of the time when people come in to therapy …  not listening to each other, not knowing how to understand one another …  that becomes a challenge to find a way to make everybody’s voice count.

Zelda Schwartz was born in 1939 and raised in Worcester, Massachusetts.  She is a psychotherapist and retired Director of Family Therapy at the Jewish Family Services.

Interview Date: 
Tue, 11/09/2010
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